Essential Peer Reviewed Update #1
Robin Sharma once said, “Few things are as foolish as hoping old behaviors will somehow present new results.” F
In 1957, Burrhus Frederic Skinner, known as B. F. Skinner, an American psychologist at Harvard University, proposed the reinforcement theory. in reinforcement, the behaviors of individuals are shaped by their consequences. so it can be said that human behaviors can be changed through reinforcement, punishment, and extinction Skinner, B. F. (2014). Contingencies of reinforcement: A theoretical analysis (Vol. 3). BF Skinner Foundation. it goes with the same way with radical behaviorism; what people think or feel or even how they act and react on something is doesn't exist independently but it is rather the repertation of their experiences and environments. and it has been proven by early versions of the idea by other psychologist before Skinner, as we can mention is Pavlov with his dog's experiment that called by "Pavlov's dog experiment". based on Pavlov's experiment, it shown that his dog behaviour in how he react with buzzer sound that associate with food. in this experiment, Pavlov was developed a conditioning process; he makes his dog associate food with the buzzer sound. as the first attempt, when the buzzer was sounded then Pavlov will come with his dog's food. as time goes, everytime the buzzer was sounded, his dog will salivate even there's no food has been presented and the following studies based on reinforcement theory and radical behaviorism. rooted in Skinner’s ideas about individuals' behaviorism, free will is totally the opposite of reinforcement theory and radical behaviorism.
In Psychology, Nature and Nurture is a framework used to analyze how genetics (nature) and environmental factors (nurture) impact and influence human development and personality traits. Nature refers to genetic that are passed down to children from their biological parents. there's inheritance and other biological factors like the color of our skin, eyes and types of hair. in the other hand, Nurture is most commonly defined such as environmental factors such as, culture, relationships and experience and any outside factors that can affect the individuals which can impact how the individuals see things, having perspectives and how to act and react in event that happend in their lives.
Debate of which one of nature and nurture that mostly impact in personality also intelegence had been happen long way ago. in pro-side which in nature "side" such as Galen (a philosopher in Ancient Greece) told as the humorism theory, it says that personality of the individual's can arise from the levels of four types of bodily fluids. Sir Francis Galton also having his quoted in historical text in 1870s explain the traits (intelligence and personality) could be developed by genetics and inherited at birth. in nurture "side", having arguments that nurturing provides and having chance to lives with a safe place to grow up. Nurturing also can be processes and influence of help the brain of a individuals especially children to physically grow and developed.
From my perspective, it can be helpful to understand the underlying in both nature and nurture and the processes behind them. it could be more wise to combine the aspect of nature and nurture in individuals chance to pursue their dreams, to become the better person. because for every individuals that has been born with low chance in genetics, they still could create more opportunities in helpfull and support environtment. and for what happens in the past doesn't define who a person will become. the good thing is that in any condition that we have born with, in good gens, poor environment, vice versa; every individuals still have the power to distrup the vicious cycle. and it shows by working together, nature and nurture show that every individuals have the power to change things.
The last topic is; what are the dangers and uses of intelligence tests? intellegence test mostly common testing on someone Intelligence quotient with a feww questions and the results will be number how in which scale of someone's Intelligence quotient is. there's no problem with the test and with the type of intelligence, but the truth is there's much more than one types of intelligence such as music, Interpersonal communication, linguistic, logic, emotional intellegence, spatial ability etc. and in the test of intellegence, it just could determine one intellegence but not the other, it could genuine insight into an individual's capabilities,but in the other hands, it has to much too narrow and potentially dangerous if relied on to classify people based on one paper test.